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Electric Motors

Motor Parts and their Common Faults: A Technical Analysis

Understanding how motor components fail is essential for anyone who installs, maintains or tests...
Protection

How to Test Overhead Line Insulators?

The proper operation of a transmission (or) distribution line depends heavily on the proper...
Electrical Procedures

Coil Resistance Test: Step-by-Step Guide

Relay and  Contactor coils  are the electromagnetic basis of  Automation circuits,  Control panels and  Motor starters. When a contactor fails...
Electrical Interview

Harmonics Protection: Questions & Answers

1. What is 2nd Harmonic? 2nd harmonic is a frequency component whose frequency is exactly...
Transformers

Transformer Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting

Power transformers are designed to operate reliably for several decades. However, because of electrical faults,...
Software

Basic Bit Logic Instructions in Ladder Diagram

Ladder Diagram (LD) is a graphical PLC language standardized in IEC 61131-3 and modelled...
Software

PLC System Architecture: How does It Work?

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer designed to monitor, control and...
Software

IT vs OT Cybersecurity: Key Differences

IT Cybersecurity Information Technology (IT) comprises systems used to create, process, store and exchange information.  Table...
Switchgear

Push Buttons and Selector Switches in Control Panels

What are Operator Control Devices? Push buttons and selector switches are human-machine interface devices mounted...
Transmission

Substation Control Systems: RTCC, RTU, DCDB and Battery Charger

A modern substation depends on several auxiliary systems that work together with primary equipment...
Basic Electrical

Basic Electronics Fundamentals – AC to DC Conversion

AC-to-DC conversion is a fundamental process in power electronics.  Table of ContentsRectification: Converting AC into...
Electrical Calculators

Battery Backup Calculator

Battery Backup Calculator explains how a battery backup calculator works, the formulas behind it,...
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