1). What is Electronic?
The study and application of electrical devices that regulate the flow of electrons (or) other electrically charged particles.
2). What is Communication?
Communication is the process of conveying a signal from the transmitter through a medium to the receiver. Communication can be defined as the conveyance of a message from one location to another.
3). Explain about Analogue and Digital Communication.
- Analogue is a technology that converts an audio or video signal (the human voice) into electrical pulses. Digital, on the other hand, converts the signal into a binary format in which the audio (or) video data is expressed by a sequence of “1”s and “0”s.
- Digital signals are noise-free, have good transmission and reception quality, can be manufactured with great precision, and consume less power as compared to analogue signals.
4). What is Sampling?
The process of getting a set of samples from the continuous function of time x(t) is known as sampling.
5). State Sampling Theorem
It asserts that when sampling a continuous signal, the sampling rate must be equal to or more than twice the cut-off frequency, with the minimum sampling rate known as the Nyquist rate.
6). What is the Cut-off Frequency?
The frequency that generates the response is -3dB from the maximum response.
7). What is a Passband?
Passband refers to the range of frequencies (or) wavelengths that may flow through a filter without being attenuated.
8). What is a Stopband?
A stopband is a range of frequencies between set limitations in which a circuit, such as a filter (or) telephone circuit, does not allow signals through or the attenuation exceeds the required stopband attenuation threshold.
9). Can you explain RF?
Radio frequency (RF) is a frequency (or) rate of oscillation that ranges from around 3 Hz to 300 GHz. This range corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current electrical signals utilized to generate and detect radio waves. Because most mechanical systems cannot respond to the majority of this range, RF is commonly used to describe oscillations in the electrical circuits (or) electromagnetic radiation.
10). What is Modulation? And where is it used?
Modulation is the technique of changing some characteristics of a periodic wave using external signals.
This information-bearing signal is superimposed on a carrier signal via radio communication.
These high frequency carrier waves are easily carried over the air and can travel large distances.
The carrier signal’s properties (amplitude, frequency, or phase) vary in response to the information bearing signal.
Modulation is used to transmit an information-bearing signal over vast distances.
11). What is Demodulation?
Demodulation is the process of eliminating modulation from an analogue transmission to recover the underlying baseband signal. Demodulation is required as the receiver system receive a modulated signal with unique properties and needs to convert it to base band.
12). Name the Modulation Techniques
- Analogue Modulation: AM, SSB, FM, PM, and SM.
- Digital Modulation: OOK, ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM, CPM, PPM, MSK, TCM, OFDM
13). Explain AM & FM
- AM-Amplitude modulation is a type of modulation in which the carrier signal’s amplitude varies in response to the information bearing signal.
- FM-frequency modulation is a type of modulation in which the carrier signal’s frequency varies in response to the information bearing signal.
14). Where do we operate on AM & FM?
- AM is utilized for video communications, such as television. The frequencies range from 535 to 1705 kHz.
- FM is utilized for audio communications, such as radio. Frequencies range from 88 to 108 MHz.
15). What is a Base Station?
A base station is a radio receiver (or) transmitter that acts as the hub of a local wireless network and may also function as a gateway between a wired and wireless network.
16). How many satellites are needed to cover the Earth?
To cover across the globe, three satellites must be arranged at a 120-degree angle. The satellite has a life expectancy of approximately 15 years.
17). What is a Repeater?
A repeater is an electronic device that acquires a signal & retransmits it at a greater level and/or strength, or to the other side of an obstruction, allowing the signal to travel longer distances without deterioration.
18). What is an Amplifier?
An electronic device (or) electrical circuit that increases (amplifies) the power, voltage, or current of an input signal.
19). Examples of Negative and Positive Feedback?
- Amplifiers are an example of -ve feedback.
- And for positive feedback is – oscillators.
20). What is an Oscillator?
An oscillator is a circuit that generates a waveform output using a direct current input. There are two basic types of oscillators: harmonic and relaxation. Harmonic oscillators feature smooth, curved waveforms, whereas relaxation oscillators have waveforms with dramatic shifts.
21). What is an Integrated Circuit?
An integrated circuit (IC), commonly known as a microchip, is an electronic circuit etched into a silicon chip. Their key advantages include low cost, low power, excellent performance, and tiny size.
22). What is Crosstalk?
Crosstalk is a type of interference induced by signals from adjoining conductors. The simplest illustration is hearing an unwelcome discussion on the phone. Crosstalk may also happen in radios, televisions, networking devices, and electric guitars.
23). What is a Resistor?
A resistor is a two-terminal electrical component that creates a voltage drop between its terminals proportional to the current, according to Ohm’s equation (V = IR).
24). What is an Inductor?
An inductor is a passive electrical component used in electrical circuits to provide inductance. An inductor can have a variety of forms.
25). What is an Operational Amplifier?
An operational amplifier, often known as an op-amp, is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier having differential inputs and typically a single output. Typically, the op-amp’s output is controlled by either negative feedback, which defines the degree of its output voltage gain, or positive feedback, which allows for regenerative gain & oscillation.
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