1). What is Electronics?
The study and use of electronic devices that operate by manipulating the flow of electrons (or)Â other electrically charged particles.
2). What is Communication?
Communication is the process by which a signal from a transmitter goes over a medium to reach the output at the receiver.
Communication, subsequently, is the means of delivering messages from one location to another.
3). Explain the Different Types of Communications?
Analog Communication
Analog is, as a technology, the technique of converting an audio (or) video signal (human voice) into electronic pulses. Conversely, digital means converting the signal into a binary form whereby the audio or video data is expressed by a succession of “1”s and “0”s.
Digital Communication
Digital signals are noise-free, have good transmission and reception quality, can be manufactured with great precision, and consume very small power as compared to analog signals.
4). What is Cut-off Frequency?
The frequency corresponding to a response of -3dB with relation to the maximum response.
5). What is Sampling?
Sampling is the method of acquiring a set of samples from a continuous function of time x(t).
6). State Sampling Theorem
Sampling Theorem states that, while taking the samples of a continuous signal, it has to be taken care that the sampling rate is equal to (or) greater than twice the cut off frequency & the minimum sampling rate is known as the Nyquist rate.
7). What is a Stop Band?
A stopband is a band of frequencies between designated limitations in which a circuit such as a filter (or)Â telephone circuit that does not let signals pass (or)Â the attenuation exceeds the required stopband attenuation limit.
8). What is a Pass Band?
The passband is the spectrum of wavelengths or frequencies that a filter allows without attenuation.
9). What is Modulation? and Where is it utilized?
Modulation is the method by which an external signal varies some quality of a periodic wave.
Radio communication loads this information bearing signal into a carrier signal.
These high frequency carrier signals are long distance capable and readily conveyed over the air.
The information bearing signal corresponds with the variations in the carrier signal’s properties (amplitude, frequency, or phase).
Long distance information bearing signals are sent via modulation.
10). Explain Radio frequency (RF)?
Radio frequency (RF) is a frequency (or) rate of oscillation that ranges from around 3 Hz to 300 GHz. This range corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current (AC) electrical signals utilized to generate and detect radio waves.
Because most mechanical systems cannot respond to the majority of this range, RF is commonly used to describe oscillations in the electrical circuits (or) electromagnetic radiation.
11). What is Demodulation?
Demodulation is the process of extracting the modulation from an analog signal such that the original baseband signal returns. Demodulating is required since the receiver system must convert a modulated signal with the particular qualities into base-band.
12). Explain Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude modulation adjusts the amplitude of the carrier signal to match the information bearing signal. It is denoted as AM in electronics terms.
13). Explain Frequency Modulation
Frequency modulation is a type of modulation in which the carrier signal’s frequency varies in response to the information bearing signal. It is denoted as FM in electronics terms.
14). Where do we use AM & FM?
AM (Amplitude Modulation) is utilized for video signals.
Ex: TV – Ranges from 535 to 1705 KHz
FM (Frequency Modulation) is utilized for audio signals.
Ex: Radio -Ranges from 88 to 108 MHz
15). What is a Repeater?
A repeater is an electronic device that retransmits a signal at a greater level or strength, or across an obstruction, allowing for longer distances without deterioration.
16). What is a Base Station?
A base station is a radio receiver (or) transmitter that acts as the center of a local wireless network and can also connect to a wired network.
17). What is an Amplifier?
An amplifier is an electronic device or circuit that increases the power, voltage, or current of a signal.
18). What is an Oscillator?
An oscillator is a circuit driven from a direct current input generating a waveform output.
Types of Oscillator
There are 2 main types of oscillator
- Harmonic oscillator andÂ
- Relaxation oscillator.Â
Harmonic Oscillator: The harmonic oscillators have smooth, curved waveforms.
Relaxation Oscillator: The relaxation oscillators have sharply changing waveforms.
19). What is an Integrated Circuit?
An integrated circuit (IC), frequently referred as a microchip, is an electronic circuit carved on a silicon chip. Low cost, low power, great performance, and extremely compact size define their primary advantages.
20). What is a Resistor?
A resistor is a 2-terminal electronic component that creates a voltage drop across its terminals proportional to the current, following Ohm’s law:
V = IR
21). What is Crosstalk?
Crosstalk is a type of interference induced by signals from adjoining conductors. The simplest illustration is hearing an unwelcome discussion on the phone. Crosstalk is also possible in radios, televisions, and networking devices, and electric guitars.
22). What is Diode?
A diode in electronics is a 2-terminal device. Most of them are used for their unidirectional current characteristic; diodes have 2 active electrodes across which the signal of interest may flow.
23). What is a Transistor?
In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device frequently employed to amplify or switch electronic signals.
All other present generation electronic devices, including computers, are fundamentally based on the transistor.
Although some transistors are sold separately, most are utilized in integrated circuits.
24). What is Feedback?
Feedback is the process of sending a portion of a system’s output signal back to its input. This is frequently used to govern the dynamic behavior of the system.
25). Explain Different Types of Feedback?
Feedback is classified into 3 types:
- Positive Feedback
- Negative Feedback
- Bipolar Feedback
Positive Feedback: Positive feedback tends to enhance output. Positive feedback, often known as “cumulative causation,” is a feedback loop system wherein the system responds in the same direction as perturbation (a perturbation is a change in function caused by external or internal sources).
Negative Feedback: A negative feedback system is one that responds to a perturbation in the opposite way. This seems to reduce output (but it stabilizes and linearizes action in amplifiers). Negative feedback feeds an inverted version of a system’s output into the system’s input, resulting in suppressed fluctuations.
Bipolar Feedback: Bipolar feedback may increase (or) decrease output.
